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In the long pasture, not far from the farm buildings, there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm.

After surveying the ground, Snowball declared that this was just the place for a windmill, which could be made to operate a dynamo and supply the farm with electrical power.

This would light the stalls and warm them in winter, and would also run a circular saw, a chaff-cutter, a mangel-slicer, and an electric milking machine.

The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before (for the farm was an old-fashioned one and had only the most primitive machinery), and they listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their ease in the fields or improved their minds with reading and conversation.

Within a few weeks Snowball's plans for the windmill were fully worked out.

The mechanical details came mostly from three books which had belonged to Mr. Jones -'One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House', 'Every Man His Own Bricklayer', and 'Electricity for Beginners'.

Snowball used as his study a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor, suitable for drawing on.

He was closeted there for hours at a time.

With his books held open by a stone, and with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter, he would move rapidly to and fro, drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement.

Gradually the plans grew into a complicated mass of cranks and cog-wheels, covering more than half the floor, which the other animals found completely unintelligible but very impressive.

All of them came to look at Snowball's drawings at least once a day.

Even the hens and ducks came, and were at pains not to tread on the chalk marks.

Only Napoleon held aloof.

He had declared himself against the windmill from the start.

One day, however, he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans.

He walked heavily round the shed, looked closely at every detail of the plans and snuffed at them once or twice, then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg, urinated over the plans, and walked out without uttering a word.

The whole farm was deeply divided on the subject of the windmill.

Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business.

Stone would have to be carried and built up into walls, then the sails would have to be made and after that there would be need for dynamos and cables.

(How these were to be procured, Snowball did not say.) But he maintained that it could all be done in a year.

And thereafter, he declared, so much labour would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week.

Napoleon, on the other hand, argued that the great need of the moment was to increase food production, and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all starve to death.

The animals formed themselves into two factions under the slogan, "Vote for Snowball and the three-day week" and "Vote for Napoleon and the full manger." Benjamin was the only animal who did not side with either faction.

He refused to believe either that food would become more plentiful or that the windmill would save work.

Windmill or no windmill, he said, life would go on as it had always gone on - that is, badly.

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